Add API Q1 CAPA: root cause, corrective action gate, effectiveness verification

Implements tester feedback against API Q1 §5.9.1.2 / §6.4.2:

- Root Cause field + 6M Root Cause Category lookup (Man/Machine/Method/
  Material/Measurement/Environment), separate from Deviation Detail/Category
- "Corrective Action Required?" Yes/No gate on every NCR with a required
  justification
- Corrective action plan with owner + due date; owner is notified by email
- Effectiveness verification (result, notes, server-stamped verifier/date)
  required before an NCR can close when corrective action is required —
  costing returns 409 listing the missing pieces
- Recurring-issue flag with bidirectional NCR-to-NCR links; prior NCRs show
  a warning when later NCRs reference them
- Dashboard metrics: % root cause completed, % CAPA verified effective,
  avg CAPA close time, overdue CAPA count, NCRs by root cause category
- CAPA section in the NCR detail UI, printable PDF, CSV export, and the
  vw_ncr_full Power BI view; admin list manager for root cause categories
- Migrations 0003 (schema + seeded 6M lookup) and 0004 (view refresh);
  demo seed data exercises every metric

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/schemas/lookup.py

@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ class LookupPatchIn(BaseModel):
 class LookupsOut(BaseModel):
     departments: list[NamedLookupOut]
     deviation_categories: list[NamedLookupOut]
+    root_cause_categories: list[NamedLookupOut]

backend/app/schemas/ncr.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from datetime import date
 from decimal import Decimal
 from typing import Annotated, Literal
 
@@ -43,6 +44,27 @@ class InspectionIn(BaseModel):
     qc_closed: bool = False
 
 
+class CapaIn(BaseModel):
+    """Corrective & Preventive Action section (API Q1 §5.9.1.2 / §6.4.2).
+
+    Only fields present in the request body are updated (exclude_unset), so
+    partial saves from different roles never clobber each other's entries.
+    """
+
+    root_cause: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=20000)
+    root_cause_category_id: int | None = None
+    corrective_action_required: bool | None = None
+    corrective_action_justification: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=2000)
+    corrective_action_plan: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=20000)
+    corrective_action_owner_id: int | None = None
+    corrective_action_due_date: date | None = None
+    effectiveness_result: Literal["effective", "not_effective"] | None = None
+    effectiveness_notes: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=20000)
+    is_recurring: bool | None = None
+    # Replaces the full set of linked prior NCRs when present.
+    related_ncr_ids: list[int] | None = None
+
+
 class CostingIn(BaseModel):
     labor_cost: Money
     material_cost: Money
@@ -91,6 +113,16 @@ class JobInfoOut(AppModel):
     source: str
 
 
+class NcrLinkOut(BaseModel):
+    """Light projection of a linked NCR (recurring-issue tracking)."""
+
+    id: int
+    ncr_number: str
+    job_number: str
+    stage: str
+    stage_label: str
+
+
 class NcrListItem(BaseModel):
     id: int
     ncr_number: str
@@ -146,6 +178,23 @@ class NcrDetailOut(BaseModel):
     qc_closed_at: UTCDateTime | None
     qc_closed_by: UserRef | None
 
+    root_cause: str | None
+    root_cause_category: str | None
+    root_cause_category_id: int | None
+    corrective_action_required: bool | None
+    corrective_action_justification: str | None
+    corrective_action_plan: str | None
+    corrective_action_owner: UserRef | None
+    corrective_action_due_date: date | None
+    corrective_action_opened_at: UTCDateTime | None
+    effectiveness_result: str | None
+    effectiveness_notes: str | None
+    effectiveness_verified_at: UTCDateTime | None
+    effectiveness_verified_by: UserRef | None
+    is_recurring: bool
+    related_ncrs: list[NcrLinkOut]
+    referenced_by: list[NcrLinkOut]
+
     labor_cost: Decimal | None
     material_cost: Decimal | None
     service_cost: Decimal | None

backend/app/schemas/report.py

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ class ReportsSummaryOut(BaseModel):
     open_ncrs: int
     closed_ncrs: int
     total_cost: Decimal
+    # ── CAPA metrics (API Q1 §6.4.2) ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    root_cause_pct: float | None  # % of NCRs with a completed root cause
+    effectiveness_verified_pct: float | None  # % of CA-required NCRs verified effective
+    avg_capa_close_days: float | None  # CA opened → verified effective
+    overdue_capa_count: int  # CA required, past due, not yet verified effective
+    by_root_cause_category: list[CountByName]
     by_department: list[CountByName]
     by_category: list[CountByName]
     by_month: list[CountByMonth]